Legal Q&A · Company & shareholders

I sold my business share. Am I still entitled to profits from the previous year?

Law as at 17 August 2026

Short answer

Generally not. The right to a share of profits attaches to the business share, rather than the shareholder personally. A transfer passes all shareholder rights to the acquirer, including unpaid profits from earlier periods, unless the parties agreed otherwise or that particular claim was separately assigned. A former shareholder therefore generally cannot demand profits for the year preceding the transfer.

Does the right to profits attach to the share or the person?

A business share represents the shareholder’s rights, duties and participation in the company (Section 114(1)). These include the right to a share of profits (Section 123(1)). Crucially, the rights attach to the business share, rather than the original shareholder personally. Transferring the share therefore passes all associated rights to the acquirer.

Who receives unpaid profits from last year?

If a shareholder transfers their share before receiving the previous year’s profit distribution, that right passes with the share to the acquirer, unless the transfer agreement provides otherwise or a claim to an already declared distribution was separately assigned. A former shareholder therefore generally cannot claim profits for a period before the transfer. From the company’s perspective, the profits follow the share.

When does the right to payment arise?

Distinguish the general right to a share of profits from the right to payment. Payment entitlement arises only when the general meeting decides on a distribution (Section 125(1)(b)), and only if the statutory conditions are met. Until that decision, there is no due claim for the former shareholder to take away.

What the agreement should address

If unpaid profits matter to you, address them expressly in the transfer agreement: do prior-period profits remain with the transferor or pass to the acquirer? These details often cause disputes, so we deal with them directly in our business share transfer agreements. We prepare the distribution decision through our general meeting service. If a dispute already exists, we help through shareholder dispute resolution.

This answer provides general information on the law as at 17 August 2026. It does not constitute legal services or replace an assessment of an individual case. The details of your situation may differ. Book a consultation to discuss them.

More legal questions

All questions and answers
  1. Can an s.r.o. shareholder replace a cash contribution with a non-cash contribution? The Commercial Code has no direct mechanism for swapping a cash contribution for a non-cash one, but the result can be achieved in two steps. First, increase share capital with an asset valued by an expert. Then, once capital exceeds the statutory minimum, reduce it and return the original cash contribution. Minimum capital and contribution levels and all increase and reduction rules must be observed.
  2. Can a security right be created over a business share in an s.r.o.? Yes, for example to secure a loan. The agreement must be written with officially certified signatures, and the security right arises only on Commercial Register entry. If the memorandum prohibits transfers entirely, the share cannot be pledged. If transfer requires general meeting consent, consent is also required for the security. The shareholder continues to exercise shareholder rights while it exists.
  3. How can I challenge an invalid general meeting resolution in an s.r.o.? A resolution contrary to the law, memorandum or articles may be challenged by an action seeking a declaration of invalidity. A shareholder, managing director, liquidator, insolvency administrator or supervisory board member may apply, as may an affected former shareholder or director. The right must be exercised within a strict three-month period or it expires. On a shareholder’s claim, the court declares invalidity only if the breach could have restricted their rights.
  4. Is an s.r.o. managing director personally liable for its debts? The company is responsible for debts. A managing director is liable to it for damage caused by breaching professional care, and no agreement can exclude that liability in advance. Insolvency creates the toughest exposure: a bankruptcy petition must be filed within 30 days, otherwise the director risks a €12,500 statutory contractual penalty, liability to creditors for their unsatisfied claims and disqualification from office.

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Mgr. Patrik Tulinský, LL.M. Czech and Slovak attorney · SAK 300422 · ČAK 19654

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