Legal Q&A · Company & shareholders

Can I contribute my work to the company instead of money?

Law as at 1 August 2026

Short answer

No. Share capital contributions may consist of money or assets with a determinable economic value. The law expressly prohibits contributions consisting of a promise to perform work or provide services (Section 59(2) of the Commercial Code). Future work must be rewarded another way: allocation of ownership rights, vesting in a shareholders’ agreement, options or shares with special rights.

What can and cannot be contributed?

A shareholder’s contribution consists of money and other assets capable of monetary valuation contributed to the company (Section 59(1) of the Commercial Code). A non-cash contribution may consist only of assets whose economic value can be determined, such as property, equipment, a receivable or an enterprise. Its value is established by an expert report (Section 59(3)), and it must be paid before registration of the share capital amount.

The law expressly states that contributions consisting of an undertaking to perform work or provide services are prohibited (Section 59(2)). A promise to work for the company for a year cannot therefore count as share capital, whether in an s.r.o., an ordinary joint-stock company or a simple joint-stock company.

How to structure sweat equity properly

It is common for one shareholder to provide money and another work. The solution lies in structuring their relationship, rather than treating work as a contribution:

  • Allocation of ownership rights. Profit shares and voting power need not match contribution ratios. The memorandum may set them differently (Section 123(1) and Section 127(2) of the Commercial Code). A working shareholder can therefore have a small contribution but a strong position. See our memorandum and articles of association service.
  • Vesting. A shareholders’ agreement can provide for a share to be earned gradually. Someone leaving early offers the unearned portion to the others at a predetermined price.
  • Options and employee shares. Key people may be promised ownership through an option. A simple joint-stock company also allows shares with special rights and different share classes (Section 220i of the Commercial Code).

Why does this matter?

If work is disguised as an inflated non-cash contribution, the shareholder must pay the difference to the company in cash (Section 59(6) of the Commercial Code). The cleaner and safer approach is to reward work from the outset through profit rights, vesting or an option. That is precisely the purpose of coordinating the memorandum and shareholders’ agreement.

This answer provides general information on the law as at 1 August 2026. It does not constitute legal services or replace an assessment of an individual case. The details of your situation may differ. Book a consultation to discuss them.

More legal questions

All questions and answers
  1. Does a business share in an s.r.o. form part of marital community property? Under the prevailing case law, a business share acquired during marriage using joint funds forms part of marital community property as an asset, although this remains a long-disputed issue. Only the spouse registered in the Commercial Register is a shareholder; the other does not automatically gain shareholder status. On divorce, the value of the share is settled rather than participation in the company being divided. A share acquired before marriage, by gift or inheritance is outside the marital community.
  2. Am I liable for company debts as an s.r.o. shareholder? The company answers for debts with all its assets. As a shareholder, you guarantee them only up to your unpaid contribution recorded in the Commercial Register. If the contribution is fully paid and its payment is recorded in the Commercial Register, you have no statutory guarantee liability for company obligations. Personal risk may arise separately from a guarantee signed for a bank or supplier, or from your role as managing director.
  3. Do I pay income tax when transferring or selling a business share in an s.r.o.? For an individual selling a business share, the difference between proceeds and acquisition cost or contribution is taxed as other income under Section 8 of the Income Tax Act. For shares acquired from 1 January 2004, the holding period alone generally does not confer an exemption; older shares are assessed under transitional Section 52(21). The standard exemption up to €500 and any historical limit must be checked against the date and method of acquisition. A legal entity has an exemption under Section 13c after holding at least 10% for 24 months. A gratuitous transfer is generally outside the recipient's income tax, and a business share transfer is not subject to VAT.
  4. How do I transfer a business share in an s.r.o. to another person? A business share is transferred by written transfer agreement. From 17 August 2026, the agreement must be a notarial deed or authorised by a lawyer; officially certified signatures were sufficient before then. Transfer to another shareholder normally requires general meeting consent. Transfer to someone outside the company is possible only if the memorandum of association permits it. Enforcement against either transferor or acquirer blocks the transfer. It takes effect against the company when the agreement is delivered to it.

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Mgr. Patrik Tulinský, LL.M. Czech and Slovak attorney · SAK 300422 · ČAK 19654

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