Legal Q&A · Employment Law & HR

What limits apply to work agreements outside an employment relationship?

Law as at 10 September 2026

Short answer

The Labour Code recognises three agreements outside an employment relationship. An agreement to perform a task is limited to 350 hours per calendar year, a work activity agreement to no more than 10 hours per week, and a student temporary work agreement to an average of 20 hours per week. Each must be in writing or is invalid. Ordinary agreements may be concluded for a maximum of 12 months; a special work activity agreement for seasonal work is limited to 520 hours per calendar year and may last no more than 8 months.

Which agreements does the law recognise, and what are their limits?

The Labour Code (No. 311/2001 Coll.) recognises three agreements for work outside an employment relationship:

  • Agreement to perform a task (DoVP) — Section 226: up to 350 hours per calendar year for the same employer (all DoVP agreements with that employer are aggregated), for a maximum of 12 months, specifying the task, remuneration and period.
  • Work activity agreement (DoPČ) — Section 228a: up to 10 hours per week (or 520 hours per year for seasonal work), for a maximum of 12 months (8 for seasonal work). If the agreement does not specify termination arrangements, it can end by mutual agreement or by notice without giving a reason, with a 15-day notice period.
  • Student temporary work agreement (DoBPŠ) — Sections 227 and 228: only for secondary school pupils and full-time university students under 26, for an average maximum of 20 hours per week.

What formal requirements apply?

Every agreement must be in writing or is invalid, specify the agreed work, remuneration, working hours and duration, and one copy must be given to the employee (Section 226(2), Section 228(1), Section 228a(3)). Under a DoPČ or DoBPŠ, remuneration is due no later than the end of the calendar month following the month in which the work was performed. Under a DoVP, however, Section 226(4) provides that remuneration is due only after the work has been completed and delivered; payment of part of the remuneration may be agreed once a specified part of the task has been completed.

What to watch for

These agreements are intended for occasional or limited work and do not replace permanent employment. If the work in reality corresponds to a regular employment relationship in scope, regularity, subordination and exclusivity, there is a risk of reclassification and labour inspectorate sanctions, similar to disguised employment using sole traders. Remuneration is also subject to minimum wage and wage supplement rules.

We structure these agreements and distinguish them from employment through employment contracts and documentation, assess the boundary with self-employment through working with self-employed contractors, and implement company rules through internal regulations and policies.

This answer provides general information on the law as at 10 September 2026. It does not constitute legal services or replace an assessment of an individual case. The details of your situation may differ. Book a consultation to discuss them.

More legal questions

All questions and answers
  1. An employee repeatedly breaches work discipline. When can we dismiss them? For serious misconduct, you may give notice straight away or terminate immediately. For less serious misconduct, notice is possible only if the employee received a written warning of possible dismissal in connection with misconduct within the last six months. Give notice within two months of learning of the breach and no later than one year after it occurred; before service, inform the employee of the grounds and allow a response. The warning must describe specific conduct, expressly mention possible dismissal and be provably served.
  2. My former employer is not paying the compensation for the non-compete clause. Must I continue to observe it? Until you have validly terminated the clause it binds you, and breaching it may cost you the agreed monetary penalty. If the employer has not paid you the compensation within 15 days of its due date, the Labour Code allows you to terminate the clause in writing, and the obligation ends on the day the notice is delivered. Compensation for the months in which you observed the clause may still be recovered after termination.
  3. An employee is leaving and we no longer need the non-compete clause. May we withdraw from it? Yes, but only while the employment still lasts. The withdrawal must be in writing and the employee must receive it no later than the last day of the employment; the obligation then ends on the first day of the following month, at the latest on the last day of the employment. Once the employment has ended you can no longer withdraw unilaterally, and you must pay compensation of at least 50% of average monthly earnings for every month in which the employee observes the clause.
  4. An employee has caused us loss. Can we deduct it from their wages? Not unilaterally. Deductions from wages towards compensation for loss may be made only on the basis of a written deduction agreement signed by the employee. Beforehand, the compensation sought must be discussed with the employee and notified to them within one month of discovering the loss and their liability; where negligence is involved, the compensation is capped at four times their average monthly earnings. If the employee does not acknowledge the obligation, court action remains.

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Mgr. Patrik Tulinský, LL.M. Czech and Slovak attorney · SAK 300422 · ČAK 19654

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