Granting procuration

In Slovakia, only from the date of Commercial Register entry. The law states directly that granting procuration takes effect upon registration (§ 14(6) of the Commercial Code). The most common error we see is a company signing the grant resolution, the holder beginning to sign contracts and the application being filed a month later. Acts in between are not covered by procuration and need another solution. We therefore monitor registration and tell the client the exact date from which the holder may act.

No. Procuration may be granted only to a natural person (§ 14(1) of the Commercial Code). Czech law goes further in its wording, expressly prohibiting a grant to a legal entity (§ 452(1) of the Civil Code). If you want another group company to manage affairs, procuration is not the instrument, and we seek another solution.

Only if expressly included in the grant. Otherwise, authority to dispose of or encumber real estate is excluded (§ 14(2) of the Commercial Code; similarly, § 450(1) of the Czech Civil Code). This works both ways. A company buying and mortgaging property needs the authority included, otherwise its holder encounters a cadastral obstacle. A company owning a single building may not want to include it.

Internally yes, externally no. Restrictions through internal instructions have no legal effect against third parties (§ 14(3) of the Commercial Code). A contract signed above the agreed limit therefore binds the company, leaving a claim against the holder rather than the counterparty. For a real safeguard, use joint procuration: grant it to several people requiring the joint consent of all or at least two (§ 14(4)). This is registered and visible to third parties.

The director is a statutory body; the procuration holder is an authorised representative. The director is responsible for business management and duties attached to office. The holder acts within procuration, which the company can revoke at any time without decisions about its bodies. Procuration therefore suits expanding signing capacity without changing who leads the company.

Not entirely, and this can cause an unnoticed error. Where several people receive procuration, Slovakia requires their method of acting to be specified (§ 14(4) of the Commercial Code). Czechia has the opposite default: each independently represents the business unless the grant states otherwise (§ 452(2) of the Civil Code). A group copying a Slovak document into its Czech subsidiary and forgetting joint action gets two independently acting holders rather than a pair intended to check each other. We cover both countries from one firm precisely to preserve these distinctions.

Expect to do so. The document collection requires proof of appointment, consent and a specimen signature handwritten in the presence of a notary or their authorised employee, or an authorised municipal employee (§ 34(e) to (g) of Act No. 29/2026 Z. z. on the Commercial Register). We send the document list ahead so only one trip is needed.

By company revocation followed by removal from the Commercial Register; we prepare both. Consider this before granting it, because third parties rely on the entry while the holder remains registered. Judicial disqualification is a special case: the individual automatically ceases to hold procuration in every company, and the registry court removes the entries without an application.

The price depends on whether there is one holder or joint procuration and whether formation documents also need amendment. We confirm it before work begins and honour what we agree. Prices are final; the firm is not VAT-registered.