Legal Q&A · Company & shareholders

Must a managing director have a service agreement, and what happens without one?

Law as at 5 September 2026

Short answer

No. Without a service agreement, mandate agreement rules apply as appropriate between company and director. A mandate is remunerated by law, but the general meeting decides directors’ pay, so entitlement is uncertain without its decision and payments may be challenged. Benefits, exit payments, post-office confidentiality and stricter non-compete duties lack contractual support. The agreement must be written and approved by the general meeting to be relied upon.

The director is registered, has run the company for years, and no one has ever drafted a service agreement. Pay follows an informal understanding, or there is none; the company car and phone are used without rules. Whether this is acceptable usually becomes an issue at the worst time: a shareholder dispute, the director’s departure or a company sale.

Without an agreement, mandate rules apply

The Commercial Code, Act No. 513/1991 Coll., does not require a director’s service agreement. It does specify what applies in its absence:

The relationship between a company and a member of its body or a shareholder in managing company affairs is governed as appropriate by the provisions on mandate agreements, unless a service agreement, if concluded, or the law determines the rights and duties otherwise. A service agreement must be written and approved by the general meeting or, in writing, by all shareholders with unlimited liability for the company’s obligations.

— Section 66(6) of the Commercial Code, unofficial translation

A mandate is remunerated by law (Section 566(1)). If the amount is not agreed, customary remuneration is due (Section 571(1)). However, the general meeting decides managing directors’ remuneration (Section 125(1)(f)). Without its decision, entitlement is uncertain, and self-paid remuneration is often the first item challenged by a disputing shareholder or insolvency administrator.

What is left uncertain without a contract?

Mandate rules already provide reimbursement of expenses reasonably incurred for the company (Section 572). Other matters commonly settled by a handshake lack support: private use of a company car, insurance contributions, performance bonuses and exit payments on removal. The general meeting may remove a director at any time, effective on adoption of the decision (Section 66(2)). See how to remove an s.r.o. managing director.

The law primarily imposes duties: professional care, confidentiality concerning confidential information (Section 135a(1)) and a non-compete duty during office (Section 136). It does not address the period after office ends. Post-departure confidentiality and non-compete duties exist only if written into an agreement. If the director is also a shareholder, see shareholder remuneration without a contract.

What the agreement should contain

Our agreement addresses responsibilities and acting rules, remuneration components and due dates, benefits and expenses, exit payments where office ends without the director’s fault, continuing confidentiality, non-compete duties beyond the statutory minimum, handover and liability insurance. If it is concluded after years without one, it should also settle older director claims.

One thing it cannot do is limit statutory damages liability:

Agreements between a company and managing director excluding or limiting the director’s liability are prohibited. Neither the memorandum nor the articles may limit or exclude that liability.

— Section 135a(4) of the Commercial Code, unofficial translation

The agreement reduces risk in other ways: clear duties, decision-making rules and liability insurance taken out by the company for its corporate bodies.

Form, approval and the sole shareholder

The agreement must be written and approved by the general meeting. In practice, retain its resolution or the sole shareholder’s decision with the agreement. If the director is also the sole shareholder, they sign on both sides. An agreement between the company and its sole shareholder acting for it must be written (Section 132(2)), and the sole shareholder’s signature on a director remuneration decision must be officially certified (Section 132(1)). We explain the distinction in certified signature or lawyer authorisation.

How we can help

We prepare the agreement and approval decision through our director’s service agreement service. If more than one agreement is missing, we organise the full s.r.o. corporate documentation. Where there are several directors or a supervisory board, we structure the company’s bodies so the agreement matches the memorandum.

If you are adding an agreement retrospectively, send us the Commercial Register extract and memorandum. We will explain what requires retrospective approval.

This answer provides general information on the law as at 5 September 2026. It does not constitute legal services or replace an assessment of an individual case. The details of your situation may differ. Book a consultation to discuss them.

More legal questions

All questions and answers
  1. How can I challenge an invalid general meeting resolution in an s.r.o.? A resolution contrary to the law, memorandum or articles may be challenged by an action seeking a declaration of invalidity. A shareholder, managing director, liquidator, insolvency administrator or supervisory board member may apply, as may an affected former shareholder or director. The right must be exercised within a strict three-month period or it expires. On a shareholder’s claim, the court declares invalidity only if the breach could have restricted their rights.
  2. Is an s.r.o. managing director personally liable for its debts? The company is responsible for debts. A managing director is liable to it for damage caused by breaching professional care, and no agreement can exclude that liability in advance. Insolvency creates the toughest exposure: a bankruptcy petition must be filed within 30 days, otherwise the director risks a €12,500 statutory contractual penalty, liability to creditors for their unsatisfied claims and disqualification from office.
  3. Is an s.r.o. shareholder subject to the same non-compete duty as a managing director? The statutory non-compete duty binds a managing director, not a shareholder. A shareholder may therefore operate in the company’s sector or hold a stake in a competitor unless the memorandum or articles impose a restriction. The law expressly allows the company to extend the duty to shareholders, but without such terms they are not bound.
  4. I want to leave an s.r.o., but the other shareholders disagree. What can I do? You cannot leave a limited liability company by unilateral notice. Participation can end in three ways: transferring the business share under the memorandum’s conditions, agreeing to end participation, or asking the court to terminate it where you cannot reasonably be required to remain. Court termination gives rise to a settlement share.

Cannot find your question? Ask your own question

Facing this situation?

Tell us what you need help with.

Describe your situation. We will review it and usually tell you within 24 hours whether and how we can help, including an indicative fee.

  1. 1Send your enquiry via this form
  2. 2Usually within 24 h you get a price confirmation and plan
  3. 3We start work only after your approval
Mgr. Patrik Tulinský, LL.M. Czech and Slovak attorney · SAK 300422 · ČAK 19654

Not keen on calls or email? Message us on WhatsApp →
Prefer to book a time right away? Book a consultation →
Or email us about this matter.

PDF, Word, images, ZIP… max 10 MB per file, 30 MB total.

Submitting this form does not create an engagement or attorney-client relationship. Before taking on a matter we run a conflict-of-interest check, so please do not send sensitive originals until we confirm the matter together.

Contact a lawyer